doctrine of discovery 1452 pdf

Christian. 156 0 obj <>stream 1 0 obj Previously it existed in a dark, wild and timeless existence of absolutely no significance. The Papal decree aimed to justify Christian European explorers’ claims on land and waterways they allegedly discovered, and promote Christian domination and superiority, and has been applied in Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas. endobj Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas on 18 June, 1452. The Doctrine of Discovery was first articulated in the Supreme Court case Johnson v.McIntosh (1823), which was the first case regarding Native Americans ever heard in the American court. The Doctrine of Discovery and its Enduring Impact on Indigenous Peoples WHAT IS THE DOCTRINE OF DISCOVERY? 132 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<559F13672F0063C68E2F50F322568BDA><1FB1EFC87F9BA0418F7A844DFCA79891>]/Index[73 84]/Info 72 0 R/Length 230/Prev 1113876/Root 74 0 R/Size 157/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream e��ct"h�ы� ��L��R��ĨD�"F-��0��?%\e�*=�B�,i�R�d�Qy�`UkLT�]�> A��c�g�&3��B��e�.uo��U��T�z��U�=��#�� >��a�z²w=��Ş��gOv�'"{�%{�-��Dx��4�|i��;��#�+ŗCRǕ��IRG�e��D��db�r��$��jZ5�yq�47]1^ԗ�( ��闿�))/p�LJ0��v� �˄��u��w��y� ؤd&��U&��u&JBEO�� T� �2� �l �Ge�*�a��hX�� p� X�w��}?�b��@�18Dg[�l [3] ***** Source: First Nations History - We Were Not the Savages - Third Edition (2006) The Doctrine of Discovery was used when France first claimed the land of the Mi'kmaq, which they christened Acadia. discovery is a recognition of its theological and Christian roots. S=>9>h��{��CA�Oh��z8j)ʼ� �\B�y�6O�HJ�v�E��Dc,@��n�Nϐ?��9��D"|�]�'e DOCTRINE OF DISCOVERY – SOURCES This bibliography offers access to the text of original documents relating to the Doctrine of Discovery, a set of 15th century declarations that laid groundwork for the relationship between Europeans and those residing in lands they discovered. It has its roots in a papal decree issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452 that specifically sanctioned and promoted the conquest, colonization, and exploitation of non-Christian Even before there were large The Papal Bull "Inter Caetera," issued by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493, played a central role in the Spanish conquest of the New World. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> endstream endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>stream 8z��w'�*+jl��d0jd`|�\ʰ�@\��L'�2�;�0oa��T�@EF��L��r�~Y$ߚ2�?Z��]@l� ��gd0 o^@� ��T�%,��>u"U^�h, 'v��U@��,i�껩��c�2g� M�5�Bo3d��gpT�q@��%��%��)[�Y��$�P9�C�}2�I��7`�{��}IB�A��fpd ��\] `��0�~�;��*J�U�_ݤ� It has its roots in a papal decree issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452 that specifically sanctioned and promoted the conquest, colonization, and %PDF-1.5 Martin Luther King, Jr., in his 1964 book: Why We Can’t Wait, in which he wrote: Our nation was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original American, the Indian, was an inferior race. The Doctrine of Discovery The Doctrine of Discovery is not simply an artifact of colonial his-tory. hެWmO7�+��U��"$� ��6�6w[�v�EwK��ό�V"�B�=��x�~��1B Affairs: The Doctrine of Discovery, the United Nations, and the Organization of American States.” While the Symposium participants agree that the doctrine of discovery should be rejected, they disagree on the impact of the discovery doctrine on native land rights in the United States. <> What is the Doctrine of Discovery? They authorize Christian monarchies to claim lands not already occupied by Christians and to vanquish and place in perpetual slavery/servitude any heathens, pagans, Saracens, or other non-Christian peoples. Papal bulls (edicts) of 1452, 1493, and others come to be known as the Doctrine of Christian Discovery. Dum Diversas2, a precursor to the Doctrine of Discovery. It is the legal force that defines the limits of all land claims to this day and, mor e fundamentally , the necessity of land claims at all. Doctrine of Discovery: Questions and Answers Q. In Europeans believed that the Doctrine of Discovery was legal and moral justification for their presence in the New World. What is the Doctrine of Discovery? endstream endobj startxref All time and space was considered empty until Christians arrived with God’s truth; until then it was Terra Nullius. The Doctrine of Discovery is a principle of international law dating from the late 15th century. Dum Diversas 1 minute read Papal Bull Dum Diversas 18 June, 1452. Chief Justice John Marshall explained and applied the way that colonial powers laid claim to lands belonging to foreign sovereign nations during the Age of Discovery. If an explorer proclaims to have … “Doctrine of Discovery: Stolen lands, Strong Hearts” is a film about a devastating decision, made over 500 years ago, which continues to profoundly impact Indigenous and Settler people worldwide. %PDF-1.5 %�� For example the 1452 Papal Bull Dum Diversas says that Christian This “Doctrine of Discovery” became the basis of all European claims in the Americas as well as the foundation for the United States’ western expansion. doctrine to prohibit tribes from criminally prosecuting first non-Indians, then Indians who weren't a member of the prosecuting tribe. View this item in the collection. Doctrine of Discovery. The Doctrine of Discovery: Unmasking the Domination Code (2015), directed by Sheldon P. Wolfchild and narrated by Buffy Sainte-Marie. T o call it into question, even now , would change the rules of the argument en-tirely. Marc Lescarbot, a French lawyer, articulated this warped Christian law in 1618 in his explanation of France's right to Acadia (now the Canadian Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island): The Doctrine of Discovery, 1493 A Spotlight on a Primary Source by Pope Alexander VI. h��пAQ��l�ᕉEy�"��ŤXP�?��Lv�A,I&E)��E�$��~��s�9�JM��B�vP+�ta� �:��J�z0s��C��Ӭɸ��qX�B�G([ܡ�8�{d��ٵb��i��/��W��@W��7��9��Ā� �4��8e�z邕j��l|W�S��ma��3�� In 145… 15th Century – Doctrine of Discovery: In 1452, Pope Nicholas V wrote the following words in a Papal Bull: “…invade, search out, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens and pagans whatsoever, and other enemies of Christ wheresoever placed, and the kingdoms, Any land not Christianized, i.e. The directive given in the first such Papal Bull, Dum Diversas, in 1452 to King Alphonse of Portugal by Pope Nicholas was to go into west Africa and: Invade, capture, subdue, and vanquish all pagans, Sarsens and enemies of Christ. It gave the monarchies of Britain and Europe the right to conquer… %%EOF Q� h�b```e``:��A��X��,nY�t]3Q�N� This “Doctrine of Discovery” became the basis of all European claims in the Americas as well as the foundation for the United States’ western expansion. All this rests upon the Law of Christian Nations, or the “Doctrine of Discovery”, which in turn rests upon the Papal Bulls of 1452 and 1493. 3 0 obj Ironically, the case didn't even directly involve any Native Americans. It has been invoked since Pope Alexander VI issued the Papal Bull “Inter Caetera” in 1493. stream The goal of this lesson is to familiarize students with the Doctrine of Discovery and offer practice in the close reading of historical sources. Johnson v McIntosh . �-��!8�d;�Q��΋�htPo��⼨�u��jY��LNO�R{0��5_��x��şMۮ�m=�� 5YMiz5�嬹��1E�n�~��E�H-rht��r�G�i(1��ηvw�q�B;��tz&��m��j�'�B��ܮ��h/V��K{��l%i޹��ɎX��f~yՉ%��X��Q[_n�ќHV7�)��\0��^��۟�Y�ͷ8o-b4-��{|6��*�2��6M7�*NV�E��ҧd��wu;��//�FȢ��"�7қ�$��[m�C <> The Doctrine of Discovery (also known as the Doctrine of Christian Discovery) is an international legal concept and Christian principle, that is borne out a number of catholic laws (called "papal bulls") originating out of the Vatican in the 15th and 16th centuries. 0 endobj The Doctrine of Discovery established a spiritual, political, and legal justification for colonization and seizure of land not inhabited by Christians. The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues explains: We maintain, that the principle declared in the fifteenth century as the law . These three “E’s” summarize the destructive results of the Doctrine of Discovery ENSLAVEMENT Because the Doctrine did not consider Indigenous Peoples to be human if they weren’t Christian, conquering nations were allowed to make slaves of the people they encountered. The Doctrine of Discovery was used when France first claimed the land of the Mi'kmaq, which they christened Acadia. If this is not enough evidence to convince anyone that this arrogance of Manifest Destiny continues today, there is the now infamous decision, Delgamuukw v. ��)�i��#d��` �B)( ��9��>�� @��Hwt t � ��f m �VP!m�Ѝ*!�:�[[j�8$��80�Q��+��E��К�설&c��9 4 0 obj not under the sovereignty of a Christian ruler, could be possessed on behalf of God. It is based on a series of 15th century Papal Bulls This film is one of the responses of the Anglican Church’s Primate’s Commission on discovery reconciliation and justice. The centuries-old Christian Doctrine of Discovery, if repudiated, could initiate justice for all indigenous people. The Doctrine of Discovery, formalized in the Papal Bulls of the 13th and 14th centuries, specified that the entire world was under the jurisdiction of the Pope, as God’s representative on earth. The Discovery Doctrine is a construct of public international law expounded by the United States Supreme Court in a series of decisions, initially in Johnson v. M’Intosh in 1823. Z~t��r��͗�ŧ�r��fۍ��Mv�N#W�᷺AR(��/�>��;[�{�]mύ'D�X��O�� HRȤ}��K{P��6!��T��y��{��V��3Qu�msV�z��+ށ ,?y��n��U�b~x��@�ǧ`V|Z>�ܰ%/��9 Ԯ��Lc�6A��?7�`xn͍ �=�#鴃upV��@P�z��Pb:��@0(r5��&�RD# �@r��@z�#��8�B��dQ��p��5\��`�J�$��O��N�d�f��lYe�"�. The Doctrine of Discovery is the premise that European Christian explorers who “discovered” other lands had the authority to claim those lands and subdue, even enslave, peoples simply because they were not Christian. The Doctrine of Discovery is a doctrine created by European Christians in order to assume possession of the New World. The Doctrine of Discovery can be seen as a “power and principality” based on the following ideas that grew out of the Christendom Church: Prepared by Katerina Friesen and Sarah Augustine for the First Mennonite Church of San Francisco and the “Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery Working Group” Hح�n�ҿ. The Doctrine of Discovery is based on the Roman Catholic papal bull “Inter caetera.” Issued by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493, it gave all the lands along a meridian west of the Cape Verde Islands, off the west coast of Africa, to the Spanish crown. <>>> It authorised Alfonso V of Portugal to reduce any “Saracens (Muslims) and pagans and any other unbelievers” to perpetual slavery. Section 1 includes papal “bulls” that initiated the process. x��@ʥ:�dg�]��r�C�0��P�Rr�_�{.�8$S��H3===}�.��Y쳷o/��b��e�^��ۇ_޾˘ֹԙfy-ev��U�-��_�:�2��_��f��/��Ox� ��j�}�_�p��B��l��_T��v��߶p��~��,�m�?8��o��^�� h"�;�U^�!v��.��60k=�г�� 3"E�7��!>[Z�ɾ B�۶��]bA)U�X�`6Kt��(D��L��k7��~�Ϟ��\��P�+f��o��/̭q�r��f|��b�c��g=�ƨ;�y�r�b�/�c��ج�Ve��_�+�B�g��}��{�DP�͙�}��,��=��7`0�{O$�`c�\j�o�^�2�`Xî/�,dV�\�G�뢀Ͼ}��o#�+��#�� +��f��*j>�0e�a�ʅ:E�_�� ?��s��'�y��,AT��#��}��y�XWC1�e�K~��齗��ǔNه��Yv��ןn�"�y"��A�TYY �܂��.�}�iQ�mﳛH�[��>��w�3{��b��Y��&�^.��qP ?ʚ>�4��l�#2�=R�R�TYɊ\9�� -� The Doctrine of Discovery is a principle of international law dating from the late 15th century. %�� endobj 73 0 obj <> endobj The Doctrine of Discovery is a legal premise that governed European conquest of the New World and continues to have implications for property rights today. 2017] THE DOCTRINE OF CHRISTIAN DISCOVERY 113 The foundational importance of the doctrine was recognized by Rev. 2 0 obj Referring to this doctrine as . �Q�y�+Q��O�1׀��!��ni�nh�Ohv��w䝤�)n3 yk�Ɓj�P�z��[��P�/��ܙ+)I:�h��1"xd&�:��mZ0Y^�h�,�[�=,��SR�D.�`n6pv~��ϧ��C�Dȩ ,�Ds��z;�4��Am~ҩw�n�,��:z� �6��r��w��Ѕ1��P(x%ɤ�ʵ��n�x�{��y��':N/��B�� Bf��t�&��2��/V��6^%�j��C�q�4�w��|��t��g��E��bb ��K�%G�,��E߶@��u�%E��M�n�=�E>��s�[��.mL:�c��;�q � �oU��C� This Article examines the differing views of Indian title. The discovery doctrine, also called doctrine of discovery, is a concept of public international law expounded by the United States Supreme Court in a series of decisions, most notably Johnson v. M'Intosh in 1823. This lesson requires students to use background